Project Lombok – Spice up Your Java Skill

Finally! Hassle-free final local variables.

You can use val as the type of a local variable declaration instead of actually writing the type. When you do this, the type will be inferred from the initializer expression. The local variable will also be made final. This feature works on local variables and on foreach loops only, not on fields. The initializer expression is required.

See More:

Biggest Bugs of Spring Web Application
Today many of Java developers work on Spring Web Application...

val is actually a ‘type’ of sorts, and exists as a real class in the lombok package. You must import it for val to work (or use lombok.val as the type). The existence of this type on a local variable declaration triggers both the adding of the final keyword as well as copying the type of the initializing expression which overwrites the ‘fake’ val type.

Example of val:

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import lombok.val;

public class ValExample {
  public String example() {
    val example = new ArrayList<String>();
    example.add("Hello, World!");
    val foo = example.get(0);
    return foo.toLowerCase();
  }
  
  public void example2() {
    val map = new HashMap<Integer, String>();
    map.put(0, "zero");
    map.put(5, "five");
    for (val entry : map.entrySet()) {
      System.out.printf("%d: %s\n", entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
    }
  }
}

WARNING: This feature does not currently work in NetBeans.

Mutable! Hassle-free local variables.

var works exactly like val, except the local variable is not marked as final.

The type is still entirely derived from the mandatory initializer expression, and any further assignments, while now legal (because the variable is no longer final), aren’t looked at to determine the appropriate type.

How I learned to stop worrying and love the NullPointerException.

You can use @NonNull on the parameter of a method or constructor to have lombok generate a null-check statement for you.

Lombok has always treated any annotation named @NonNull on a field as a signal to generate a null-check if lombok generates an entire method or constructor for you, via for example @Data. Now, however, using lombok’s own @lombok.NonNull on a parameter results in the insertion of just the null-check statement inside your own method or constructor.

The null-check looks like if (param == null) throw new NullPointerException("param is marked @NonNull but is null"); and will be inserted at the very top of your method. For constructors, the null-check will be inserted immediately following any explicit this() or super() calls.

If a null-check is already present at the top, no additional null-check will be generated.

Example of @NonNull:

import lombok.NonNull;

public class NonNullExample extends Something {
  private String name;
  
  public NonNullExample(@NonNull Person person) {
    super("Hello");
    this.name = person.getName();
  }
}

Automatic resource management: Call your close() methods safely with no hassle.

You can use @Cleanup to ensure a given resource is automatically cleaned up before the code execution path exits your current scope. You do this by annotating any local variable declaration with the @Cleanup annotation like so:
@Cleanup InputStream in = new FileInputStream("some/file");
As a result, at the end of the scope you’re in, in.close() is called. This call is guaranteed to run by way of a try/finally construct. Look at the example below to see how this works.

See More:

Cannot determine embedded database driver class for database type NONE – Spring Boot Problem
When i was beginner in Spring boot and most of...

If the type of object you’d like to cleanup does not have a close() method, but some other no-argument method, you can specify the name of this method like so:
@Cleanup("dispose") org.eclipse.swt.widgets.CoolBar bar = new CoolBar(parent, 0);
By default, the cleanup method is presumed to be close(). A cleanup method that takes 1 or more arguments cannot be called via @Cleanup.

Example of @Cleanup

import lombok.Cleanup;
import java.io.*;

public class CleanupExample {
  public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
    @Cleanup InputStream in = new FileInputStream(args[0]);
    @Cleanup OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(args[1]);
    byte[] b = new byte[10000];
    while (true) {
      int r = in.read(b);
      if (r == -1) break;
      out.write(b, 0, r);
    }
  }
}

Never write againpublic int getFoo() {return foo;}.

You can annotate any field with @Getter and/or @Setter, to let lombok generate the default getter/setter automatically.
A default getter simply returns the field, and is named getFoo if the field is called foo (or isFoo if the field’s type is boolean). A default setter is named setFoo if the field is called foo, returns void, and takes 1 parameter of the same type as the field. It simply sets the field to this value.

The generated getter/setter method will be public unless you explicitly specify an AccessLevel, as shown in the example below. Legal access levels are PUBLIC, PROTECTED, PACKAGE, and PRIVATE.

You can also put a @Getter and/or @Setter annotation on a class. In that case, it’s as if you annotate all the non-static fields in that class with the annotation.

You can always manually disable getter/setter generation for any field by using the special AccessLevel.NONE access level. This lets you override the behaviour of a @Getter, @Setter or @Data annotation on a class.

Example of @Getter/@Setter

import lombok.AccessLevel;
import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.Setter;

public class GetterSetterExample {
  /**
   * Age of the person. Water is wet.
   * 
   * @param age New value for this person's age. Sky is blue.
   * @return The current value of this person's age. Circles are round.
   */
  @Getter @Setter private int age = 10;
  
  /**
   * Name of the person.
   * -- SETTER --
   * Changes the name of this person.
   * 
   * @param name The new value.
   */
  @Setter(AccessLevel.PROTECTED) private String name;
  
  @Override public String toString() {
    return String.format("%s (age: %d)", name, age);
  }
}

No need to start a debugger to see your fields: Just let project lombok generate a toString for you!

Any class definition may be annotated with @ToString to let project lombok generate an implementation of the toString()method. By default, it’ll print your class name, along with each field, in order, separated by commas.

By setting the includeFieldNames parameter to true you can add some clarity (but also quite some length) to the output of the toString() method.

Example of @toString

import lombok.ToString;

@ToString
public class ToStringExample {
  private static final int STATIC_VAR = 10;
  private String name;
  private Shape shape = new Square(5, 10);
  private String[] tags;
  @ToString.Exclude private int id;
  
  public String getName() {
    return this.name;
  }
  
  @ToString(callSuper=true, includeFieldNames=true)
  public static class Square extends Shape {
    private final int width, height;
    
    public Square(int width, int height) {
      this.width = width;
      this.height = height;
    }
  }
}

Generates hashCode and equalsimplementations from the fields of your object.

Any class definition may be annotated with @EqualsAndHashCode to let lombok generate implementations of the equals(Object other) and hashCode() methods. By default, it’ll use all non-static, non-transient fields, but you can modify which fields are used (and even specify that the output of various methods is to be used) by marking type members with @EqualsAndHashCode.Include or @EqualsAndHashCode.Exclude. Alternatively, you can specify exactly which fields or methods you wish to be used by marking them with @EqualsAndHashCode.Include and using @EqualsAndHashCode(onlyExplicitlyIncluded = true).

If applying @EqualsAndHashCode to a class that extends another, this feature gets a bit trickier. Normally, auto-generating an equals and hashCode method for such classes is a bad idea, as the superclass also defines fields, which also need equals/hashCode code but this code will not be generated.

Example of @EqualAndHashCode

import lombok.EqualsAndHashCode;

@EqualsAndHashCode
public class EqualsAndHashCodeExample {
  private transient int transientVar = 10;
  private String name;
  private double score;
  @EqualsAndHashCode.Exclude private Shape shape = new Square(5, 10);
  private String[] tags;
  @EqualsAndHashCode.Exclude private int id;
  
  public String getName() {
    return this.name;
  }
  
  @EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper=true)
  public static class Square extends Shape {
    private final int width, height;
    
    public Square(int width, int height) {
      this.width = width;
      this.height = height;
    }
  }
}

Constructors made to order: Generates constructors that take no arguments, one argument per final / non-null field, or one argument for every field.

This set of 3 annotations generate a constructor that will accept 1 parameter for certain fields, and simply assigns this parameter to the field.

@NoArgsConstructor will generate a constructor with no parameters. If this is not possible (because of final fields), a compiler error will result instead, unless @NoArgsConstructor(force = true) is used, then all final fields are initialized with 0 / false / null. For fields with constraints, such as @NonNull fields, no check is generated,so be aware that these constraints will generally not be fulfilled until those fields are properly initialized later. Certain java constructs, such as hibernate and the Service Provider Interface require a no-args constructor. This annotation is useful primarily in combination with either @Data or one of the other constructor generating annotations.

@RequiredArgsConstructor generates a constructor with 1 parameter for each field that requires special handling. All non-initialized final fields get a parameter, as well as any fields that are marked as @NonNull that aren’t initialized where they are declared. For those fields marked with @NonNull, an explicit null check is also generated. The constructor will throw a NullPointerException if any of the parameters intended for the fields marked with @NonNull contain null. The order of the parameters match the order in which the fields appear in your class.

@AllArgsConstructor generates a constructor with 1 parameter for each field in your class. Fields marked with @NonNull result in null checks on those parameters.

Example of @ArgConstructor

import lombok.AccessLevel;
import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.NonNull;

@RequiredArgsConstructor(staticName = "of")
@AllArgsConstructor(access = AccessLevel.PROTECTED)
public class ConstructorExample<T> {
  private int x, y;
  @NonNull private T description;
  
  @NoArgsConstructor
  public static class NoArgsExample {
    @NonNull private String field;
  }
}

All together now: A shortcut for @ToString, @EqualsAndHashCode, @Getter on all fields, @Setter on all non-final fields, and @RequiredArgsConstructor!

@Data is a convenient shortcut annotation that bundles the features of @ToString, @EqualsAndHashCode, @Getter / @Setter and @RequiredArgsConstructor together: In other words, @Data generates all the boilerplate that is normally associated with simple POJOs (Plain Old Java Objects) and beans: getters for all fields, setters for all non-final fields, and appropriate toString, equals and hashCode implementations that involve the fields of the class, and a constructor that initializes all final fields, as well as all non-final fields with no initializer that have been marked with @NonNull, in order to ensure the field is never null.

See More:

Spring Boot + Kotlin + AngularJS + WebJar CRUD Example Part 1
Today we’re going to learn CRUD example using Spring boot,...

@Data is like having implicit @Getter, @Setter, @ToString, @EqualsAndHashCode and @RequiredArgsConstructorannotations on the class (except that no constructor will be generated if any explicitly written constructors already exist). However, the parameters of these annotations (such as callSuper, includeFieldNames and exclude) cannot be set with @Data. If you need to set non-default values for any of these parameters, just add those annotations explicitly; @Data is smart enough to defer to those annotations.

Example of @Data

import lombok.AccessLevel;
import lombok.Setter;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.ToString;

@Data public class DataExample {
  private final String name;
  @Setter(AccessLevel.PACKAGE) private int age;
  private double score;
  private String[] tags;
  
  @ToString(includeFieldNames=true)
  @Data(staticConstructor="of")
  public static class Exercise<T> {
    private final String name;
    private final T value;
  }
}

synchronized done right: Don’t expose your locks.

@Synchronized is a safer variant of the synchronized method modifier. Like synchronized, the annotation can be used on static and instance methods only. It operates similarly to the synchronized keyword, but it locks on different objects. The keyword locks on this, but the annotation locks on a field named $lock, which is private.
If the field does not exist, it is created for you. If you annotate a static method, the annotation locks on a static field named $LOCK instead.

If you want, you can create these locks yourself. The $lock and $LOCK fields will of course not be generated if you already created them yourself. You can also choose to lock on another field, by specifying it as a parameter to the @Synchronized annotation. In this usage variant, the fields will not be created automatically, and you must explicitly create them yourself, or an error will be emitted.

Example of @Synchronised

import lombok.Synchronized;

public class SynchronizedExample {
  private final Object readLock = new Object();
  
  @Synchronized
  public static void hello() {
    System.out.println("world");
  }
  
  @Synchronized
  public int answerToLife() {
    return 42;
  }
  
  @Synchronized("readLock")
  public void foo() {
    System.out.println("bar");
  }
}

The list is not ending here and if you like this article and want to know more feature of Project Lombok then comment us below 🙂